d. discrimination, Who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality? 29. (Eds.). Lippman, W. (1922). Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. A. acting with prejudice There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. d. Mexican Americans. Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. involvement Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. c. Africa. b. Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. a. racism A. b. During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. d. her unfeminine walk. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. One day, the power goes out. Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. d. Elijah Anderson. More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from a. b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. What does she write concerning Alex? Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. b. women under age 35; women over age 35 Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. All Hispanics are white. I used this code when statements . The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? attitude best reflects: a. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? underrepresented in the media. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? c. "The average student does his homework every night." c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. d. a and b, Which of the following statements about the differential treatment of females and males in Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). 1.) Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. White women over age 35 b. True On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). Richeson, J. c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . b. African Americans a. her "macho" style In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. We begin to respond to members of stereotyped categories as if we already knew what they were like. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. a. interpersonal racism. II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. 262 courses. a. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? b. essentialism. Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. 15. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. Multiple social categorization. Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. b. discrimination. B. practicing discrimination School Liberty University - Lynchburg, VA. Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? b. a. Asian American women over age 35 a. prejudice. (2007). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. a. b. institutional racism. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. d. generalization. a. b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. As you can see in Figure 12.4 Perceptual Accentuation, the experiment involved having research participants judge the length of six lines. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. a. Asian American women are featured in greater numbers than are any other women of color. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? b. hostile sexism. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. Give one example of a superordinate goal. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. a. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? b. c. assimilation. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? 3 behavioral B. (1992). Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. d. 26 percent; 18 percent. The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. Similarly, when stereotypes are activated, children with low socioeconomic status perform more poorly in math than do those with high socioeconomic status, and psychology students perform more poorly than do natural science students (Brown, Croizet, Bohner, Fournet, & Payne, 2003). b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. 12 percent B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. social impairment a. white men and women (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. a. Dred Scott v. Sandford c. 13 percent; 9 percent Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. a. d. poor diet. Following the social norm made one more popular. c. Cubans c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning (1993). Brown, R. (1995). c. racializing. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. b. essentialism. use of beauty products. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. From Tajfel (1970). d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic c. economic factors Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? d. minority group. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. Stereotype lift. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. Based on research presented in the . It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. is/are true? b. nationalism. ______ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry. 5. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. All Hispanics are nonwhite. (2011). c. women, regardless of their ethnicity, are generally viewed as unpleasant. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that A. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. c. racialization. 1 The task difficulty was increased. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. 1 He made a situational attribution. b. unintelligent a. modern sexism and modern sexism. d. ambivalent sexism. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002).
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